![]() Rapid transmission and high rate of mortality particularly in susceptible populations such as the elderly, and people with underlying medical problems, make it necessary to seek early detection and isolation of positive cases as rapidly and accurately as possible for containing the transmission of the virus, especially for individuals with no sign of symptoms in an early stage. In addition, many indirectly devastating outcomes are derived from this pandemic leading to psychological distress and socio-economic crises in many societies. Despite severe preventive measures and lockdown policies, COVID-19 has now become a pandemic on a global scale, which made a tremendous impact on the health and safety of people all over the world, affecting their lives and causing an escalating number of deaths. The WHO and other health officials have recommended some safeguard measures including implementing physical distancing, wearing personal protective equipment, and sanitizing the hands to avoid and reduce the spread of the disease. The complex and highly contagious nature of COVID-19 had led the World Health Organization (WHO) to pronounce this disease a global health crisis. It is thought that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has animal origins that slipped from animal species into the human population. Since December 2019, a new strand of coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) was detected in Wuhan District, China, and the outbreak continues to spreading aggressively worldwide. This is principally true for virus-induced diseases that are extremely contagious due to widespread person-to-person transmission and have asymptomatic infectivity periods. Emerging and new pathogens are major threats to global public health.
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